Tesis

The effect of exposure to synthetic and plant-based pesticides based on paitan leaf extract (thitonia diversifolia) on the growth, behavioral responses and histological description of earthworms / Della Navia Linda

Abstrak
The use of synthetic pesticides in Indonesia is still widely used and causes various negative impacts on consumer health non-target organisms and the environment including soil degradation and water pollution. Synthetic pesticides are persistent and cause bioaccumulation reduce soil nutrient content potentially cause species extinction in certain organisms and disrupt the balance of the ecosystem. One environmentally friendly alternative that can be used to reduce the use of synthetic pesticides is by switching to the use of botanical pesticides from paitan leaves (Tithonia diversifolia) used as pesticides because they contain bioactive compounds such as alkaloids flavonoids saponins tannins terpenoids and phenolics which are effective as botanical insecticides. This study aims to analyze the effect of exposure to synthetic pesticides and botanical pesticides from paitan leaves (Tithonia diversifolia) on growth morphological conditions behavioral responses histological features of the earthworm body and hatchability of earthworm cocoons. The research method used was a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) and was an experimental laboratory study. The independent variables in this study were botanical pesticides made from paitan leaves (Tithonia diversifolia) at concentrations of 1% 2% and 3% and synthetic pesticides at a concentration of 0.5%. The dependent variables in this study were body weight behavioral responses of earthworms changes in earthworm morphology histological features of earthworm bodies and cocoon hatchability. The control variables in this study were variables treated equally in this study namely earthworm age earthworm body length cocoon age testing time and environmental conditions. The study was conducted at the Integrated Biology Laboratory (Greenhouse and Experimental Garden) Department of Biology State University of Malang and histological observations of earthworm bodies were conducted at the Veterinary Laboratory Brawijaya University. This study had two levels of treatment namely synthetic pesticides using one concentration and botanical pesticides using three concentration variations (1% 2% 3%) as well as one control treatment. Each treatment was repeated 5 times so there were 25 experimental units for each treatment so there were a total of 125 experimental units in all treatments. This study used the Pheretima javanica worm species. The research activities consisted of several stages including the simplicia preparation stage the extract preparation stage the earthworm media preparation stage the earthworm acclimatization stage the treatment stage in the form of preparing botanical and synthetic pesticide solutions and applying pesticides to earthworms and cocoons the stage of making earthworm body preparations data collection and data analysis. Data analysis in the study used Anova (Analysis of Variance) to determine whether there was an effect of the administration of botanical pesticides (Tithonia diversifolia) and synthetic pesticides made from lambdacyhalothrin and thiamectoxam on mortality and the hatchability of earthworm cocoons and the Ancova (Analysis of Covariance) test for earthworm body weight data. The results of the study showed that synthetic pesticides significantly affected the growth of earthworms characterized by a high mortality rate of 80% while the results of exposure to botanical pesticides from paitan leaf extract only caused mortality of 16-28%. A drastic decrease in body weight occurred in the K treatment with a percentage of weight loss of 78% while body weight due to exposure to botanical pesticides showed a decrease in weight of 24-28% compared to the K- treatment which experienced an increase in body weight of 5%. Morphological changes characterized by rupture of the clitellium and swelling changes in abnormal behavioral responses causing histological damage to the worm s body (moderate necrosis) occurred in the K treatment compared to exposure to paitan leaf extract (Tithonia diversifolia) showed normal results the epidermis showed an intact structure and muscle segmentation was clearly visible. The ability of cocoon hatching also decreased in the K treatment which was only able to hatch cocoons by 53% and conversely the results of exposure to variations in botanical pesticide concentrations were able to hatch earthworm cocoons by 100%. The results of the data obtained concluded that the treatment of plant pesticides with concentrations of 1% 2% and 3% was safe for the growth behavioral response of earthworms histology of the earthworm body and hatchability of earthworm cocoons.

Informasi Detail

DDC

Rt 579.342 LIN p

Prodi

Universitas Negeri Malang. Program Studi Biologi, 2025.

Deskripsi Fisik

xviii, 122 lembar : ilus. ; 30 cm.

Bahasa

No Reg

00827/RT/25

Edisi

Tesis (Pascasarjana)--Universitas Negeri Malang. 2025

Subjek

1. EKSTRAK DAUN PAITAN - PERFORMA
2. EKSTRAK DAUN PAITAN - PERTUMBHAN CACING TANAH
3. PAITAN LEAF EXTRACT - PERFORMANCE

Pembimbing

1. Sofia Ery Rahayu, S.pd, M.si; 2. Dr. Sulisetijono, M.si

Lampiran Berkas