Tesis

Flouting and hedging in the graduate students\' classroom discussion context at state University of Malang / Munawwir Hadi Wijaya

Abstrak
Key words Cooperative principle hedging a maxim flouting a maxim implicature communication classroom interaction discussion context. When we hear pieces of language we normally try to understand not only what the words mean but what the speaker of those words intends to convey. The study of intended speaker meaning is called pragmatics. In many ways pragmatics is the study of invisible meaning or how we recognize what is meant even when it isn t actually said. In order for that to happen speakers must be able to depend on a lot of shared assumptions and expectations. The investigation of those assumptions and expectations provides us with some insight into how make our utterances more communicative in a conversation. A basic underlying assumption we make when we speak to one another is that we are trying to cooperate with one another to construct meaningful conversations. This assumption is known as the cooperative principle. Moreover an implicature is something meant implied or suggested distinct from what is said. Implicatures can be part of sentence meaning or dependent on conversational context and can be conventional or unconventional. Regarding the conversational implicature this study takes the graduate students classroom discussion context at State University of Malang as the object of the study under the guidelines of three research questions those are (1) How does the flouting of maxims occur in the graduate students classroom discussion context (2) How does the hedging of maxims occur in the graduate students classroom discussion context and (3)Why do flouting and hedging occur in graduate students classroom discussion context In addition five out of sixteen topics were chosen randomly since the focus of this study is not on the topic of the discussion but on how the maxims are hedged and flouted in the conversational utterances among the students during the discussion. The utterances considered to be included are (1) the introduction uttered by the presenters in the beginning of the discussion (2) the presentations of the presenters (3) the discussions that occur between the presenters and the audiences after the presenters present their topics and (4) the endings by the presenters. Furthermore the data are displayed and ordered according to the following procedures first the statements suspected contain maxim flouts are grouped based on the topics second they are classified into types of flouts and hedges and then further grouped under the four maxims of the cooperative principle. Once data ordering and reduction are done the next phase is recovering the implicature of each maxim flout. To do this each statement or fragment of the statement should be analyzed with the purpose on finding the entailed meaning first by describing and clarifying what the speaker intents to say second by drawing an inference out of the statement or fragment of the statement which then gives rise to a related implicature by considering the given context. The results of the study show that the occurrence of flouting of maxims is denoted by various indicators such as redundancy less informative untruthful inadequate evidence out of topic obscurity ambiguity prolixity and disorderliness. Moreover the way hedging of maxims occurs is carried out by means of the assertion of framing statement personal opinion expression of topic change indicator and expression which indicates the obscurity. Furthermore mostly the members of the discussions committing violation of the maxims on the basis of the following circumstances the speaker assumes that the hearer is following the flow of the speaker s ideas and what is unstated can be understood right away the speaker tries to avoid answering some issues in which they may not have sufficient knowledge on them the speaker makes obscure statements intentionally to trap the hearer in order to be confused with his/her questions or statements the speakers do not want to get involved in any further discussion for the information conveyed is limited the truth values of the information conveyed may lack commitment the messages conveyed may not be relevant since they are expressed for politeness sake only and the speakers are cautious in showing that there is a query in the speakers mind whether or not the hearers are following the speakers discourse adequately or suggests that the speaker is aware of the vagueness of his utterance to the hearers. Regarding the significant of the cooperative principle the results of study can be used to raise the awareness of EFL teacher on the importance of cooperative principle to be applied in a classroom discussion to make it more effective and provide knowledge for the teacher in a classroom to help the students on how to learn language through discussion by making them aware of possible violation of the cooperative principle.

Informasi Detail

DDC

Rt 428.3 WIJ f

Prodi

Universitas Negeri Malang. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris, 2010.

Deskripsi Fisik

ix, 140 lembar : il., tab. ; 30 cm.

Bahasa

No Reg

02529/KI/10

Edisi

Skripsi (Sarjana)--Universitas Negeri Malang, 2010

Subjek

1. BAHASA INGGRIS - PRAGMATIK
2. BAHASA INGGRIS - PERCAKAPAN

Pembimbing

1. M. ADNAN LATIEF ; 2. A. EFFENDI KADARISMAN

Lampiran Berkas