Skripsi

Penggunaan kalimat dalam teks cerpen siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Tumpang / Laili Fitriyah

Abstrak
ABSTRAK Fitriyah Laili. 2017. Penggunaan Kalimat dalam Teks Cerpen Siswa Kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Tumpang. Skripsi Jurusan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Sastra Universitas Negeri Malang Pembimbing Dr. Sunaryo HS. S.H. M.Hum. Kata Kunci Penggunaan kalimat teks cerpen jumlah klausa struktur internal klausa bentuk/kategori sintaksis Kalimat memiliki peran esensial dalam kegiatan berkomunikasi baik lisan maupun tulis. Pada komunikasi tulis kalimat menjadi sarana pengungkap ide atau gagasan pengarang kepada pembacanya. Cerpen sebagai salah satu teks sastra tidak dapat dipisahkan dari bahasa. Hakikatnya bahasa sastra bersifat konotatif dan emotif. Kalimat sebagai wujud bahasa sastra menjadi media penyampai ide pengarang kepada pembaca. Penggunaan kalimat dalam teks cerpen memiliki kekhasan karena dibangun oleh kalimat berupa narasi dan kalimat berupa dialog. Kedua bentuk kalimat ini hadir dan bekerja sama untuk memperindah dan menghadirkan cerita yang segar. Penggunaan kalimat dalam teks cerpen selain sebagai alat untuk menambah nilai lebih karya sastra juga memiliki fungsi komunikatif. Sifat komunikatif cerpen lebih tinggi dibandingkan puisi dan drama karena cerpen menuntut bahasa yang komunikatif agar mudah diikuti pembaca. Narasi digunakan pengarang untuk menceritakan sesuatu secara singkat sedangkan dialog dimunculkan pengarang untuk menghidupkan tokoh cerita. Melihat kekhasan kalimat dalam teks sastra tersebut maka penggunaan kalimat dalam teks cerpen siswa menjadi fokus penelitian ini. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan penggunaan kalimat narasi dan dialog dalam teks cerpen siswa yang mencakup (1) penggunaan kalimat berdasarkan jumlah klausanya (2) penggunaan kalimat berdasarkan struktur internal klausa utamanya dan (3) penggunaan kalimat berdasarkan bentuk/kategori sintaksisnya Penelitian ini termasuk penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan analisis teks. Sumber data penelitian ini berupa teks cerpen karangan siswa kelas XI IBB 2 dan kelas XI MIA 4. Prosedur pengumpulan data menggunakan teknik dokumentasi dengan langkah-langkah sebagai berikut (1) mengumpulkan dokumen berupa teks cerpen karya siswa (2) menghitung kesesuaian jumlah karya cerpen dengan jumlah siswa dalam kelas (3) membaca teks cerpen siswa secara berulang-ulang untuk mereduksi karya yang tidak memenuhi kriteria kelayakan data (4) mengidentifikasi kalimat-kalimat dalam teks cerpen siswa ke dalam tabel data (5) memberikan kode pada karangan dan aspek-aspek yang diteliti. Data berupa kalimat dalam teks cerpen siswa dianalisis melalui tiga tahapaan yaitu (1) reduksi data (2) penyajian data dan (3) penarikan simpulan. Pengecekan keabsahan data dilakukan dengan cara perpanjangan pengamatan dan diskusi bersama ahli/dosen pembimbing. Berdasarkan hasil analisis diperoleh hasil sebagai berikut. Pertama berdasarkan jumlah klausanya kalimat narasi pada teks cerpen siswa terdiri atas kalimat tunggal dan kalimat majemuk. Dari 321 kalimat terdapat 145 penggunaan kalimat tunggal dengan 18 variasi pola kalimat. Penggunaan kalimat majemuk berjumlah 163 kalimat dengan rincian sebagai berikut (1) kalimat majemuk setara sejumlah 58 kalimat dengan 6 pola besar yang mengalami pengulangan (2) kalimat majemuk bertingkat sejumlah 81 kalimat dengan 9 pola besar yang mengalami pengulangan dan (3) kalimat majemuk campuran sejumlah 24 kalimat. Selanjutnya kalimat bentuk dialog juga terdiri atas kalimat tunggal dan kalimat majemuk dengan rincian sebagai berikut. Penggunaan kalimat tunggal dalam kalimat bentuk dialog sejumlah 51 kalimat dengan 13 variasi pola sedangkan penggunaan kalimat majemuk berjumlah 95 kalimat yang terdiri dari (1) kalimat majemuk setara sejumlah 21 kalimat (2) kalimat majemuk bertingkat sejumlah 52 kalimat dengan 7 pola besar yang mengalami pengulangan dan (3) kalimat majemuk campuran sejumlah 22 kalimat. Kedua berdasarkan struktur internal klausa utamanya kalimat narasi dan dialog dalam teks cerpen siswa terdiri atas kalimat lengkap dan kalimat tidak lengkap. Penggunaan kalimat lengkap dalam bentuk narasi pada teks cerpen siswa sejumlah 308 dari keseluruhan 321 kalimat sedangkan penggunaan kalimat tidak lengkap sejumlah 13 kalimat. Selanjutnya penggunaan kalimat lengkap dalam bentuk dialog pada teks cerpen siswa sejumlah 146 kalimat dari keseluruhan 164 kalimat berupa dialog sedangkan penggunaan kalimat tidak lengkap sejumlah 17 kalimat. Kalimat dialog yang merupakan ragam lisan komunikatif memungkinkan unsur-unsur kalimat yang tidak lengkap karena dipengaruhi oleh adanya prinsip-prinsip pragmatik. Ketiga penggunaan kalimat bentuk narasi berdasarkan bentuk/kategori sintaksisnya terdiri atas kalimat berita kalimat perintah kalimat tanya dan kalimat seruan. Dari 321 kalimat bentuk narasi sebagian besar termasuk kalimat berita yaitu sejumlah 308 kalimat sebagian kecil kalimat bentuk narasi termasuk kategori lain yaitu kalimat perintah sebanyak 3 kalimat kalimat interogatif sebanyak 7 kalimat dan selebihnya 3 kalimat berupa kalimat seruan. Selanjutnya penggunaan kalimat bentuk dialog berdasarkan bentuk/kategori sintaksisnya terdiri atas kalimat berita kalimat perintah dan kalimat tanya. Dari 163 kalimat bentuk dialog sejumlah 73 kalimat termasuk kalimat berita sedangkan 41 kalimat termasuk kalimat perintah 49 kalimat bentuk dialog termasuk kalimat tanya. Berdasarkan pemaparan tersebut dapat disimpulkan baik pada kalimat narasi maupun kalimat dialog kehadiran unsur-unsur inti dalam kalimat pada teks cerpen siswa sudah diperhatikan. Namun dilihat dari urutan fungsi unsur kalimat kalimat siswa masih biasa-biasa saja. Karakteristik bahasa sastra yang bebas masih belum nampak karena masih sedikit kalimat berurutan inversi. Penggunaan konjungsi koordinatif maupun subordinatif sudah banyak dimunculkan. Hubungan subordinatif juga dimunculkan dengan perluasan unsur kalimat (S P O Pel Ket). Namun demikian masih ada ketidaksesuaian penggunaan konjungsi kata tanya dan partikel penegas. Saran penelitian diberikan kepada pihak berikut. (1) bagi peneliti selanjutnya disarankan untuk meneliti penggunaan unsur-unsur lain dalam kalimat yang masih perlu dieksplorasi misalnya kesesuaian penggunaan konjungsi dalam kalimat ataupun kesesuaian penggunaan pronomina penanya dalam kalimat siswa. (2) bagi guru mata pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia hasil penelitian ini dapat dijadikan acuan untuk melihat penguasaan siswa terhadap materi sintaksis dalam pembelajaran menulis. ABSTRACT Fitriyah Laili. 2017. Use of Sentence in Short Story Text of Student Year XI SMA Negeri 1 Tumpang. Thesis Indonesian Literature Department Faculty of Letters State University of Malang. Advisor Dr. Sunaryo HS. S.H. M.Hum. Key Words The Use of Sentence short story text number of clause internal structure of main clause and syntax form/syntax category Sentences have an essential role in communicating activities both oral and written. In written communication the sentence becomes a means of expressing the author s idea or concept t to the readers. Short story as part of the literary texts can not be separated from the language. Essentially the language of literature is connotative and emotive. Sentences as a form of literary language becoming the media which deliver the author s idea to the reader. The use of sentences in the short story text has its own special characteristics since it is built by sentences in the form of narrative and dialogue. These form of sentences are present though cooperated to beautify and exhibit a brand new story. Not only as a means to add value to more literary works the use of sentences in the short story text also has a communicative function.The short story also has a higher communicative nature than poetry and drama because the short story requires a communicative language to make the readers easier to read. Narrative or direct description used by the author to tell something briefly while the dialogue is an author s attempt to animate the character of the story. Seeing at the authenticity of the sentence in the literary text the use of the sentence in the students short story texts being a focus of this research The study was conducted with the aim of describing the use of narrative and dialogue sentences in the students short story text which include (1) the use of sentences based on the number the main clauses (2) the use of sentences based on the internal structure of its main clause (3) the use of sentences based on the syntax form/category. This research use qualitative research with text analysis approach. The data source of this research is the XI IBB 2 class and XI MIA 4 class students short story texts. This research using documentation technique as the procedure of collecting research data with steps as follows (1) collecting documents in the form of short story text of the student s work (2) calculating the suitability of the number of short story works by the number of students in the class (3) reading students short story texts repeatedly in order to reduce the work that does not meet the data feasibility criteria (4) identifying the sentences in the students short story texts into the data table (5) giving the code to the essay and the aspects being observed. Data in the form of sentences in the students short stories were analyzed through three stages (1) data reduction (2) data display and (3) conclusion drawing. Checking the validity of data is done by extension proccess of observation and discussion with expert/advisor. Based on the results of data analysis the results obtained as follows. First based on the number of clauses the form of narrative form in the text of the student s story consists of a single and compound sentences. Derived from 321 sentences there are 145 single sentences used with 18 variations of sentence patterns. The use of compound sentences resulted 163 sentences with the following details as follows (1) equivalent compound sentences by 58 sentences with 6 large patterns that goes into repetitions (2) complexed compound sentences by 81 sentences with 9 large patterns that goes into repetition and (3) mixed compound sentences by total of 24 sentences. Furthermore the sentence form of the dialog also consists of single sentences and compound sentences with the following details. The use of single sentences in the sentence form of a dialog of 51 sentences whereas the use of compound sentences totals 95 sentences consisting of (1) equivalent compound sentences by the number of 21 sentences (2) complexed compound sentences by 52 sentences with 7 large patterns experienced repetition and (3) mixed compound sentences by 22 sentences. Second the use of dialogue and narrative sentences in the students short stories based on the internal structure of the main clause consists of complete sentences and incomplete sentences. The use of complete sentences in the form of narration in the students short story texts by 308 of the total 321 sentences while the use of incomplete sentences by 13 sentences. Furthermore the use of complete sentences in the form of dialogue in the students short story of 146 sentences of the whole 164 sentences while the use of incomplete sentences resulted 17 sentences. The dialogue sentences which regard as oral communicative allows incomplete sentence elements because it is influenced by the existence of pragmatic principles. Thus the dialogue requires a different way of understanding than the narrative form. Third the use of narrative sentences based on the form/category of syntax consist of news sentences imperative sentences interogative sentences and sentences of exclamation. Derived from 321 sentences of narrative form most of them include sentences of news by 308 sentences a small part of the sentence form of narration including other categories namely imperative sentences as much as 3 sentences interrogative sentences as much as 7 sentences and the rest 3 sentences in the form of exclamation sentences. Furthermore the use of dialogue form sentences based on the form/category of its syntax consist of news commands and interogative sentences. From 163 dialogue sentences a total of 73 sentences including a news sentences while 41 sentences are imperative sentences and the other 49 sentences form dialogues are interogative sentences. Based on the exposure it can be concluded that both in the narrative and the dialogue-form sentences the presence of the core elements in the sentence in students short story texts have been slightly noticed. However regarding from the sequence of element functions there is no any significant enhancements. The characteristics of a free literary language are still not yet unleashed by the students abilities since there are only few consecutive sequential sentences. The use of both coordinative and subordinate conjunctions has been widely emerging by them. Subordinate relationships are also generated by the expansion of sentence elements (S P O Pel Ket). However there is still a discrepancy in the use of conjunctions question words and affirmative particles Advice is given to the following parties. (1) for the next researcher is suggested to examine the use of the other elements in sentences that still need to be explored for instance the suitability of the use of conjunctions in the sentence or the correct use of the use of the pronouns of the questioner in the student sentence. (2) for Bahasa teachers the results of this research can be used as a reference to maintain the mastery of students on syntactic material in writing.

Informasi Detail

DDC

Rs 808.04992215 FIT p

Prodi

Universitas Negeri Malang. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah, 2017.

Deskripsi Fisik

xi, 195 lembar : il. , tab. ; 30 cm

Bahasa

Indonesia

No Reg

03042/KI/17

Edisi

Skripsi (Sarjana)--Universitas Negeri Malang. 2017

Subjek

1. BAHASA INDONESIA - MENULIS - TATA BAHASA
2. INDONESIAN LANGUAGE - WRITING - GRAMMAR

Pembimbing

1. Sunaryo HS

Lampiran Berkas