Skripsi

Pengembangan bahan ajar teks eksposisi berbasis kearifan lokal untuk siswa kelas X SMA / Nindya Ayu Saraswati

Abstrak
Development Teaching Materials of Exposition Text based Local Wisdom for Class X High School Students Nindya Ayu Saraswati Dra. Hj. Ida Lestari M.Si nindyaaysaras01 gmail.com Jurusan Sastra Indonesia Fakultas Sastra Universitas Negeri Malang ABSTRAK Penelitian pengembangan bahan ajar teks eksposisi berbasis kearifan lokal ini dilatarbelakangi oleh hasil studi pendahuluan bahwa saat ini penurunan wawasan siswa terhadap kearifan lokal daerah. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengembangkan bahan ajar yang mampu membantu siswa dalam proses pembelajaran dan menambah wawasan siswa terhadap kearifan lokal daerah yang memiliki kelayakan produk dari segi (1) isi (2) penyajian (3) penggunaan bahasa dan (4) tampilan serta layak untuk proses pembelajaran yang sesuai dengan Kurikulum 2013. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode penelitian dan pengembangan yang diadaptasi dari prosedur penelitian dan pengembangan Bord dan Gall. Jenis data dalam penelitian ini adalah data verbal dan nonverbal. Pengumpulan data penelitian melalui angket lembar penilaian dan tes. Berdasarkan analisis data disimpulkan bahwa bahan ajar yang dikembangkan valid dan sudah layak dan dapat diimplementasikan. Kata kunci pengembangan bahan ajar teks eksposisi kearifan lokal ABSTRACT This research on the development of teaching materials on exposition text based on local wisdom is motivated by the results of preliminary studies on the current changes in students insight into the local wisdom of the region. The purpose of this study is to develop teaching materials that help students in the learning process and increase students insight into local wisdom that has product feasibility in terms of (1) content (2) presentation (3) use of language and (4) appearance and feasibility for the learning process in accordance with the 2013 Curriculum. This research uses research and development methods adapted from the research and development procedures of Bord and Gall. The type of data in this study are verbal and nonverbal data. Collection of research data through questionnaires assessment sheets and tests. Based on the analysis the data concludes that teaching materials developed are valid and that they are feasible and applicable. Keywords development of teaching materials exposition text local wisdom The current curriculum in Indonesia is the 2013 curriculum which replaces the previous curriculum the Education Unit Level Curriculum (KTSP) 2006. The change in curriculum is closely related to efforts to improve the quality of education between teachers and students. The implementation of the 2013 curriculum has an impact on Indonesian language learning. Changes in Indonesian language learning which are currently text based require teachers to emphasize understanding and production of texts. Besides that things that need to be considered in a learning process are teaching materials. Teaching material is one of the most important parts in a learning process that can be used to support insights between teachers and students. Indonesian teaching materials refer to the 2013 curriculum one of which is that students are required to be able to produce and compile a text. In composing a text must pay attention to the structure of the text and the linguistic elements contained. Mbulu and Suhartono (2004 4) said that the development of teaching materials (development of subject content) is an integral part of curriculum development and learning system development. Thus the development of subject content is an activity carried out before the curriculum and after the curriculum. Based on this one of the texts taught in the 2013 Curriculum at the SMA / MA and SMK / MAK levels is exposition text. Exposition text is a text that describes explains or explains an idea / ideas and objects / objects based on ideas with the aim of providing information / knowledge to the reader. Based on this the teaching material that will be developed contains the exercises that include guided exercises and independent training. Based on this teaching material is systematically designed to achieve Basic Competence (KD) and indicators of understanding local cultural wisdom. In addition the purpose of learning this teaching material is to increase teacher and student knowledge related to local cultural wisdoms developed through an exposition text. Based on preliminary observations made at school it is known that the use of teaching materials used in Indonesian subjects especially in exposition text material can be said to be not optimal. Therefore why teachers need to develop teaching materials that are used. Development of teaching materials must pay attention to the principles in the curriculum used. Based on the 2013 curriculum which stipulates that the curriculum must be responsive to the development of science culture technology and art. Besides the curriculum must be relevant to the needs of life meaning that the use of the curriculum must be adapted to students who study the problems that occur in the community as an application in the classroom. How important this research is to develop Local Wisdom-Based Text Exposition Teaching Material for Class X Students of SMA Negeri 3 Kediri to produce exposition text teaching materials based on local local wisdom that has good interesting interesting and interesting quality content presentation language and appearance. Product specifications for teaching materials produced in the form of learning books which contain guided exercises and independent exercises aimed at making it easier for students to understand the exposition text. In this learning book covers two basic competencies of exposition text. Besides this learning book also covers four aspects of language skills namely reading writing listening and speaking. Research developing instructional materials has a difference with pre-existing teaching materials. These differences namely (1) utilization of themes regarding local wisdom used as student stimuli (2) variations of various examples of exposition texts on local wisdom themes based on their contents (3) choice of exposition text containing positive information that can be used as a source of information and student motivation. This learning book product specifications also pay attention to aspects of content presentation language and appearance in full. RESEARCH METHODS The development of this teaching material using the development model is the basis for developing a product. Sugiyono (2014 297) suggested the research and development method or (Research and Development) is a research method used to produce certain products and test the effectiveness of these products. In other words research and development can improve product quality or construct a new product or modify it to produce an appropriate product in the field of education. In this research development is used to develop exposition text teaching materials based on local wisdom The research model used in this study is an adaptation of the Borg and Gall research. The steps of Borg and Gall development research consist of ten stages namely (1) research and data collection (2) planning (3) development of product drafts (4) initial trials (5) product revisions (6) field trials (7) product revisions (8) field trials (9) final product revisions and (10) dissemination and implementation (Setyosari 2013 237). The model was adapted by researchers into 7 stages namely (1) pre-development (research and data collection) (2) planning (3) development (4) expert and practitioner test (5) revision stage (6) the field test stage and (7) the product improvement stage. The product trial phase is carried out to measure the feasibility of the teaching material products that have been developed by researchers. At the trial stage this product will explain (1) the design of the trial (2) the test subject (3) the type of data (4) the research instrument and (5) the data analysis technique. The type of data used in this study is divided into two namely nominal data and verbal data. Nominal data are score data obtained from questionnaires filled out by experts practitioners who are the results of the assessment of the feasibility test results of teaching material products and student nominal data is obtained from the questionnaire results distributed for the assessment of students level of respect for exposition text material. While verbal data is data obtained from observational notes commentary notes criticisms suggestions from expert trials. Data collection instruments in this study were divided into two namely the pre-development instrument and the trial instrument. First the pre-development instrument was obtained through interviews conducted with Indonesian language teachers to get preliminary information on research and development. Sugiyono (2014 137) says that interviews are used as a technique in collecting data if the researcher wants to conduct a preliminary study to find the problem he will examine and also if the researcher wants to find out things from the respondents in more depth. Second a trial instrument in the form of a questionnaire. Sugiyono (2014 142) questionnaire or questionnaire is a data collection technique that is done by giving a set of written questions to the respondent to be answered. The use of questionnaires is an efficient data collection technique if the researcher knows the variables to be measured and knows what is expected of the respondent. The data analysis technique of this study was divided into two namely qualitative data analysis techniques and quantitative data analysis techniques. Data analysis techniques were carried out to answer the problem formulation in the study. First qualitative data is obtained from verbal data from interviews and expert notes. Both quantitative data are used to analyze the data obtained from the questionnaire score of the teaching material product evaluation conducted by the material expert validator and the product expert validator. RESEARCH DISCUSSION AND RESULTS This research and development produces a product in the form of teaching materials. The teaching material is titled Careful and Skillful Exposition Text intended for students of class X SMA / MA / SMK. This teaching material has several peculiarities that distinguish it from other teaching materials. The product description of these teaching materials includes (1) content description (2) systematic presentation (3) use of language and (4) display Careful teaching materials and Skilled Text Exposition consists of two units. Each unit contains material exercises summary material and at the end of the activity there is a reflection of learning. Teaching material is presented with a description of the learning objectives to be achieved and adjusted to the Basic Competencies of learning in exposition text. There are two basic competencies used in this teaching material namely Basic Competence 3.3 Analyzing the structure content (problems arguments and knowledge) of the language of the exposition text that is heard and read which is applied in unit 1 and Basic Competence 4.3 Develops the content (problem arguments and knowledge) exposition text in writing which is applied in unit 2. It is intended that the material of teaching materials in accordance with the needs of students in school. Meticulous and Skilled Text Exposition teaching materials are presented based on three parts. The part is the introduction the core part and the closing part. The following is a systematic presentation of the presentation contained in the teaching material. The introduction includes the components of teaching materials that are available before the material is presented. These components include the table of contents Basic Competencies and indicators used in teaching materials motivational words the specificity of the book and instructions for using the book. The core part contains the components of teaching material which is the core material of the teaching material. The core of teaching materials are divided into three namely introduction content and closing. The preliminary component in the core of the teaching material is the unit cover and the achievement goals. The contents component in the core of teaching materials can be described as follows. Unit 1 Knowing the Text of the Exposition contains material about the initial understanding of the text of the exposition including the structure of the exposition text recognizing sentences of facts and opinions and linguistic elements. In this unit also provided exercises aimed at strengthening students understanding of the exposition text. Unit 2 Developing Exposition Text Content in this unit students are invited to identify information contained in the exposition text revise the linguistic elements in the exposition text develop the contents of the exposition text and write an exposition text in groups based on a predetermined theme. The concluding section contains the components of teaching materials which are complementary to teaching materials. The component includes a list of references and author s history. The reference list contains books and sources used to strengthen the content of teaching materials. Language is a means of delivering messages that plays an important role in teaching materials. The use of language in teaching materials Carefully and Skillfully Text Exposition uses communicative and logical language that has been adapted to high school students which makes it easy for students to understand and learn the contents of teaching materials The display of the Careful and Skillful Text Materials of the Exposition is organized by paying attention to three things namely size color and content illustrations as well as fonts and font sizes. These three things are used as building blocks of the appearance of teaching materials. The following is an explanation of the results of the development of the display of teaching materials. The size of teaching materials consists of margins and paper sizes. The margins used in this teaching material are left 4 cm top 3 cm bottom 3 cm and right 3 cm. The paper used in this teaching material is A4 paper (29 cm x 21 cm) with a weight of 80 grams. The color used in this teaching material is blue. Apart from the use of blue there are still a number of different colors in teaching materials to provide color variations so they don t look monotonous. The difference in color usage in teaching materials can be seen from the cover unit pages and content of the material. The following is a description of the results of the development of the display of teaching materials in terms of color and illustration. The feasibility test of the exposition text teaching material entitled Careful and Skilled Exposition Texts for class X SMA was carried out through four product test stages. The four stages of the product test include (a) expert test of exposition text material conducted on the Indonesian Literature Lecturer at the Faculty of Literature State University of Malang Prof. Dr. Imam Suyitno M.Pd. (b) learning expert test conducted to Indonesian Literature Lecturers at the Faculty of Literature State University of Malang Dr. Nita Widiati M.Pd. (c) the Indonesian Language learning practitioner test class X was tested on Dra. Yuni Andriari M.Pd. as an Indonesian Language teacher in SMA Negeri 3 Kediri and (d) limited field tests conducted on grade X students of SMA Negeri 3 Kediri totaling 30 children. The flow of product trial implementation is to submit draft teaching materials to experts and practitioners. Then experts and practitioners fill out the validation questionnaire that has been provided. In addition to using questionnaires validation to experts and practitioners also uses free interviews related to expert suggestions and comments on teaching materials to get related aspects that must be revised from teaching materials. Uji produk untuk bahan ajar ini menggunakan skala penyekoran 1-4. Keempat skala penyekoran tersebut adalah 1 untuk kriteria sangat kurang 2 untuk kriteria kurang 3 untuk kriteria baik dan 4 untuk kriteria sangat baik . Data numerik hasil uji produk yang menggunakan skala tersebut akan diolah dan diinterpretasikan sesuai dengan pedoman interpretasi kelayakan produk agar diketahui tindak lanjut yang harus dilakukan untuk produk. Uji kelayakan materi bahan ajar diujikan kepada Prof. Dr. Imam Suyitno M.Pd. Dalam uji produk oleh ahli materi yang menjadi fokus penelitian adalah keterangan materi kesesuaian dengan pembelajaran dan kelengkapan materi. Berdasarkan hasil uji validasi yang telah diisi oleh ahli materi teks eksposisi diperoleh nilai rata-rata 94% untuk analisis keseluruhan isi materi. Table 1. Data on Product Test Results to Material Experts Kriteria Hasil Uji (%) Tindak Lanjut Keterangan Materi 92% Implementasi Kesesuaian dengan Pembelajaran 100% Implementasi Kelengkapan Materi 92% Implementasi Analsisi Keseluruhan 94% Implementasi Product testing with learning experts was tested on Dr. Nita Widiati M.Pd. In the product test by the learning expert the focus of the assessment is the content aspect of the teaching material the language aspect of the teaching material and the display of the teaching material. Based on the validation test results from learning experts obtained an average value of 94% for the overall analysis of teaching material display. Table 2. Data on Product Test Results to Learning Experts Kriteria Hasil Uji (%) Tindak Lanjut Kesesuaian Isi Bahan Ajar 96% Implementasi Kelengkapan Isi Bahan Ajar 94% Implementasi Keakuratan Isi Bahan Ajar 85% Implementasi Kemudahan Penggunaan Bahan Ajar 100% Implementasi Kelayakan Penggunaan Bahan Ajar 100% Implementasi Sistematika Bahan Ajar 100% Implementasi Kebahasaan Bahan Ajar 94% Implementasi Tampilan Bahan Ajar 83% Implementasi Analisis Keseluruhan 94% Implementasi Product testing with practitioners was carried out by involving one of the Indonesian language teachers at SMA Negeri 3 Kediri Dra. Yuni Andriari M.Pd. The focus of the assessment of practitioners is the systematic presentation of teaching materials descriptions of the content of teaching materials the use of language of teaching materials and the activeness of teaching materials. The following is a presentation of data on the results of product tests with class X learning Indonesian practitioners from a questionnaire that has been filled out by learning practitioners. Table 3. Data on Product Test Results to Practitioners Kriteria Hasil Uji (%) Tindak Lanjut Aspek Isi Bahan Ajar 100% Implementasi Aspek Bahasa 88% Implementasi Aspek Tampilan Bahan Ajar 98% Implementasi Analisis Keseluruhan 95% Implementasi Based on the results of validation that have been filled out by practitioners obtained an average value of 95% for the overall analysis of the content of the material and display of teaching materials with details of aspects of the content of teaching materials aspects of language and aspects of display of teaching materials. Based on a questionnaire that has been given to learning experts the average eligibility aspect of the contents of teaching materials reaches 100% with an average amount of meaning that is feasible to be implemented. Product testing to students is carried out at SMA Negeri 3 Kediri in class X IPS 2 with a total of 30 students. Field tests are applied by distributing teaching materials directly to students. The field trial was carried out for one day due to collision with school activities. During the one day students are required to Unit 1 Get to know the exposition text and Unit 2 Develop the exposition text . Furthermore students are directed to be able to write exposition text based on a predetermined theme namely the local wisdom of East Javanese culture. Based on the validation results it can be seen that the scores obtained from the field test results get a good percentage with a total of 95% for the overall results. CONCLUSIONS AND SUGGESTIONS Conclusions This research resulted in a product in the form of a local wisdom based student learning book for class X students of SMA Negeri 3 Kediri with the title of Book Careful and Skilled Text Exposition. The development product is declared valid from the results of the three validator s evaluations. The results of the material validation development experts and practitioners obtained results that the development product was declared valid and feasible to be implemented. Suggestion Teaching material that has been developed can be used by Indonesian language teachers as an alternative to exposition text learning in the classroom so that learning activities are more diverse by using the material provided in teaching materials. When using Careful and Skilled Text Exposition teaching materials it is recommended that teachers pay attention to the following (1) read and study the teaching material in advance (2) provide clear instructions to students about the steps of writing exposition text using a predetermined theme. Careful and Skilled Text Exposition teaching materials provide an opportunity for students to be able to adjust their abilities in writing exposition text. That is because this teaching material has been adapted to the KD used in addition to this teaching material also provides space for students to develop their ideas in writing exposition text. Therefore students are advised to play an active role in learning teaching materials even without teacher guidance. The results of research and development of teaching materials can become guidelines and add references for other researchers who conduct research on the development of similar teaching materials. Therefore other researchers are advised to be able to utilize the results of research from other research and development optimally. REFERENCES Alwasih A. Chaedar dan Senny Suzanna Alwasih. 2005. Pokoknya Menulis.Bandung PT. Kiblat Buku Utama. Amri S. dan Ahmadi K.I. 2010. Konstruksi Pengembangan Pembelajaran. Jakarta Prestasi Pustaka. Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. 2008. Pengembangan Bahan Ajar dan Media. Jakarta Departemen Pendidikan Nasional. Keraf G. 1995. Eksposisi dan Deskripsi Komposisi Lanjutan II. Jakarta Grasindo. Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. 2017. Buku Siswa Baha Indonesia untuk kelas X SMA/MA/SMK/MAK. Jakarta Pusat Kurikulum dan Perbukuan Balitbang Kemdikbud. Kementrian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia. 2014. Materi Pelatihan Guru Terpadu Kurikulum 2013 untuk SMA/MA/SMK/MAK. Jakarta Badan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia Pendidikamn dan Kebudayaan dan Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan. Kosasih E. 2014. Jenis-jenis Teks. Bandung Yrama Wisdya. Kuncoro Mudrajat. 2009. Mahir Menulis. Jakarta Erlangga. Lestari Ika. 2013. Pengembangan Bahan Ajar Berbasis.Padang Akademia. Marfai Aris M. 2013. Pengantar Etika Lingkungan dan Kearifan Lokal. Yogyakarta Gadjah Mada University Press. Masnur Muslic. 2010. Melaksanakan PTK Itu Mudah. Jakarta Bumi Aksara Mbulu J. dan Suhartono. 2004. Pengembangan Bahan Ajar. Malang Elang Mas. Muslich Masnur. 2010. Text Book Writing. Jogjakarta Ar-ruz Media. Pannen Paulina dan Purwanto. 2001. Penulisan Bahan Ajar. Jakarta Dirjen Dikti. Prastowo Andi. 2015. Pandu Kreatif Membuat Bahan Ajar Inovatif. Jogjakarta Diva Press. Priyatni Endah Tri. 2014. Desaun Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kurikulum 2013. Jakarta Bumi Aksara. Sugiyono. 2014. Metode Penelitian Pendidikan Pendekatan Kuantitatif Kualitatif dan R D. Bandung Penerbit Alfabeta.

Informasi Detail

DDC

Rs 499.221078 SAR p

Prodi

Universitas Negeri Malang. Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa, Sastra Indonesia dan Daerah, 2019.

Deskripsi Fisik

xi, 97 lembar : il., tab. ; 30 cm + 35 hlm. (modul)

Bahasa

Indonesia

No Reg

05067/KI/19

Edisi

Skripsi (Sarjana)--Universitas Negeri Malang. 2019

Subjek

1. BAHASA INDONESIA - BAHAN AJAR
2. BAHASA INDONESIA - TEKS EKSPOSISI
3. INDONESIAN LANGUAGE - TEACHING MATERIAL

Pembimbing

1. Ida Lestari

Lampiran Berkas